Languages · The Lumenary

Languages

The Lumenary aims to teach in every language people learn mathematics in. This registry is honest about where things stand: right now, six demonstration languages have interface translations, and only English is the canonical source.

Languages in the registry: 235

Language	Tag	Script	Direction	Translation	Review	Regions
EnglishEnglish	en	Latn	ltr	canonical	unreviewed	GB US CA AU NZ IE IN PK …
中文（简体）Chinese (Simplified)	zh-Hans	Hans	ltr	machine-draft	unreviewed	CN SG MY
中文（繁體）Chinese (Traditional)	zh-Hant	Hant	ltr	none	unreviewed	TW HK MO
हिन्दीHindi	hi	Deva	ltr	machine-draft	unreviewed	IN NP FJ
españolSpanish	es	Latn	ltr	machine-draft	unreviewed	ES MX CO AR PE VE CL EC …
العربيةArabic (Modern Standard)	ar	Arab	rtl	machine-draft	unreviewed	DZ BH KM DJ EG IQ JO KW …
françaisFrench	fr	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FR BE CH LU MC CA HT SN …
русскийRussian	ru	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	RU BY KZ KG TJ UZ UA MD …
বাংলাBengali	bn	Beng	ltr	none	unreviewed	BD IN
portuguêsPortuguese	pt	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BR PT AO MZ CV GW ST TL …
IndonesiaIndonesian	id	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ID
اردوUrdu	ur	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	PK IN
DeutschGerman	de	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	DE AT CH LI LU BE IT
日本語Japanese	ja	Jpan	ltr	none	unreviewed	JP
Naijíriá PíjinNigerian Pidgin	pcm	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NG
مصريEgyptian Arabic · ar	arz	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	EG
मराठीMarathi	mr	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
తెలుగుTelugu	te	Telu	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
TürkçeTurkish	tr	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	TR CY
HausaHausa	ha	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NG NE GH CM TD
தமிழ்Tamil	ta	Taml	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN LK SG MY
KiswahiliSwahili	sw	Latn	ltr	machine-draft	unreviewed	TZ KE UG RW CD BI MZ
پنجابیPunjabi (Shahmukhi)	pa-Arab	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	PK
吴语Wu Chinese · zh-Hans	wuu	Hans	ltr	none	unreviewed	CN
FilipinoFilipino	fil	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PH
Tiếng ViệtVietnamese	vi	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	VN
한국어Korean	ko	Kore	ltr	none	unreviewed	KR KP
فارسیPersian	fa	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	IR AF
JawaJavanese	jv	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ID
italianoItalian	it	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	IT SM CH VA
ગુજરાતીGujarati	gu	Gujr	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
ไทยThai	th	Thai	ltr	none	unreviewed	TH
አማርኛAmharic	am	Ethi	ltr	none	unreviewed	ET
ಕನ್ನಡKannada	kn	Knda	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
भोजपुरीBhojpuri	bho	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN NP
粵語Cantonese · zh-Hant	yue	Hant	ltr	none	unreviewed	HK MO CN
ਪੰਜਾਬੀPunjabi (Gurmukhi)	pa	Guru	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
閩南語Min Nan Chinese	nan	Hant	ltr	none	unreviewed	CN TW SG MY
Èdè YorùbáYoruba	yo	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NG BJ
မြန်မာBurmese	my	Mymr	ltr	none	unreviewed	MM
polskiPolish	pl	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PL
ଓଡ଼ିଆOdia	or	Orya	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
മലയാളംMalayalam	ml	Mlym	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
الدارجة الجزائريةAlgerian Arabic · ar	arq	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	DZ
عربي سودانيSudanese Arabic · ar	apd	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	SD
الدارجة المغربيةMoroccan Arabic · ar	ary	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	MA
o‘zbekUzbek	uz	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	UZ AF
українськаUkrainian	uk	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	UA
سنڌيSindhi	sd	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	PK IN
Asụsụ IgboIgbo	ig	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NG
azərbaycanAzerbaijani	az	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AZ IR
românăRomanian	ro	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	RO MD
NederlandsDutch	nl	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NL BE SR AW CW
kurdîKurdish (Kurmanji)	ku	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	TR SY IQ IR
کوردیی ناوەندیCentral Kurdish (Sorani)	ckb	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	IQ IR
پښتوPashto	ps	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	AF PK
سرائیکیSaraiki	skr	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	PK
OromooOromo	om	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ET KE
MelayuMalay	ms	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MY BN SG
PulaarFula	ff	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SN GN ML NE NG CM BF MR …
SoomaaliSomali	so	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SO DJ ET KE
नेपालीNepali	ne	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	NP IN BT
සිංහලSinhala	si	Sinh	ltr	none	unreviewed	LK
छत्तीसगढ़ीChhattisgarhi	hne	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
BinisayaCebuano	ceb	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PH
ΕλληνικάGreek	el	Grek	ltr	none	unreviewed	GR CY
অসমীয়াAssamese	as	Beng	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
मगहीMagahi	mag	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
मैथिलीMaithili	mai	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN NP
ខ្មែរKhmer	km	Khmr	ltr	none	unreviewed	KH
češtinaCzech	cs	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CZ
magyarHungarian	hu	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	HU RO SK RS
isiZuluZulu	zu	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA
KinyarwandaKinyarwanda	rw	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	RW
svenskaSwedish	sv	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SE FI AX
қазақ тіліKazakh	kk	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	KZ CN
chiShonaShona	sn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZW
Kreyòl ayisyenHaitian Creole	ht	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	HT
AkanAkan	ak	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GH
HiligaynonHiligaynon	hil	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PH
IlokanoIlocano	ilo	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PH
isiXhosaXhosa	xh	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA ZW
AfrikaansAfrikaans	af	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA NA
српскиSerbian (Cyrillic)	sr	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	RS BA ME
lingálaLingala	ln	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CD CG
MalagasyMalagasy	mg	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MG
চাটগাঁইয়াChittagonian	ctg	Beng	ltr	none	unreviewed	BD
ئۇيغۇرچەUyghur	ug	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	CN KZ
IkirundiKirundi	rn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BI
Basa SundaSundanese	su	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ID
अवधीAwadhi	awa	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN NP
ChichewaChichewa (Nyanja)	ny	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MW ZM MZ ZW
RunasimiQuechua	qu	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PE BO EC AR CO CL
ትግርኛTigrinya	ti	Ethi	ltr	none	unreviewed	ER ET
bamanakanBambara	bm	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ML
WolofWolof	wo	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SN GM MR
MòoréMossi	mos	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BF
עבריתHebrew	he	Hebr	rtl	none	unreviewed	IL
българскиBulgarian	bg	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	BG
тоҷикӣTajik	tg	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	TJ UZ
客家話Hakka Chinese	hak	Hant	ltr	none	unreviewed	CN TW MY
সিলেটিSylheti	syl	Beng	ltr	none	unreviewed	BD IN
عراقيMesopotamian (Iraqi) Arabic · ar	acm	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	IQ SY
شاميLevantine Arabic · ar	apc	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	SY LB JO PS IL
تونسيTunisian Arabic · ar	aeb	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	TN
خليجيGulf Arabic · ar	afb	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	KW BH QA AE SA OM IQ
ليبيLibyan Arabic · ar	ayl	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	LY
حسانيةHassaniya Arabic · ar	mey	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	MR ML MA
دریDari · fa	prs	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	AF
srpskiSerbian (Latin)	sr-Latn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	RS BA ME
hrvatskiCroatian	hr	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	HR BA
bosanskiBosnian	bs	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BA
crnogorskiMontenegrin	cnr	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ME
македонскиMacedonian	mk	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	MK
shqipAlbanian	sq	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AL MK ME
slovenščinaSlovenian	sl	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SI
slovenčinaSlovak	sk	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SK
беларускаяBelarusian	be	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	BY
lietuviųLithuanian	lt	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	LT
latviešuLatvian	lv	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	LV
eestiEstonian	et	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	EE
suomiFinnish	fi	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FI
danskDanish	da	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	DK FO GL
norsk bokmålNorwegian Bokmål	nb	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NO
nynorskNorwegian Nynorsk	nn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NO
íslenskaIcelandic	is	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	IS
føroysktFaroese	fo	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FO
GaeilgeIrish	ga	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	IE GB
MaltiMaltese	mt	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MT
LëtzebuergeschLuxembourgish	lb	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	LU
rumantschRomansh	rm	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CH
catalàCatalan	ca	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AD ES FR IT
lingua LatinaLatin	la	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	VA
հայերենArmenian	hy	Armn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AM
ქართულიGeorgian	ka	Geor	ltr	none	unreviewed	GE
кыргызчаKyrgyz	ky	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	KG
türkmen diliTurkmen	tk	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	TM
монголMongolian	mn	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	MN CN
ລາວLao	lo	Laoo	ltr	none	unreviewed	LA
རྫོང་ཁDzongkha	dz	Tibt	ltr	none	unreviewed	BT
ދިވެހިބަސްDhivehi	dv	Thaa	rtl	none	unreviewed	MV
TetunTetum	tet	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	TL
MāoriMāori	mi	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NZ
New Zealand Sign LanguageNew Zealand Sign Language	nzs	Zxxx	ltr	none	unreviewed	NZ
South African Sign LanguageSouth African Sign Language	sfs	Zxxx	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA
Gagana faʻa SāmoaSamoan	sm	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	WS AS
lea fakatongaTongan	to	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	TO
Na Vosa VakavitiFijian	fj	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FJ
Fiji HindiFiji Hindi	hif	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FJ
Tok PisinTok Pisin	tpi	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PG
Hiri MotuHiri Motu	ho	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PG
BislamaBislama	bi	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	VU
taetae ni KiribatiGilbertese	gil	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	KI
Kajin M̧ajeļMarshallese	mh	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MH
dorerin NaoeroNauruan	na	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NR
a tekoi er a BelauPalauan	pau	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PW
Te Ggana TuuvaluTuvaluan	tvl	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	TV
Finuʼ ChamoruChamorro	ch	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GU MP
Māori Kūki ʻĀiraniCook Islands Māori	rar	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CK
vagahau NiuēNiuean	niu	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NU
kreol seselwaSeychellois Creole	crs	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SC
SängöSango	sg	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CF
SesothoSesotho	st	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	LS ZA ZW
SetswanaSetswana	tn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BW ZA ZW
siSwatiSwati	ss	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SZ ZA
TshivenḓaVenda	ve	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA ZW
XitsongaTsonga	ts	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA MZ ZW
isiNdebeleSouthern Ndebele	nr	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA
Sesotho sa LeboaNorthern Sotho (Sepedi)	nso	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZA
isiNdebeleNorthern Ndebele	nd	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZW
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜStandard Moroccan Tamazight	zgh	Tfng	ltr	none	unreviewed	MA
TamaziɣtTamazight (Berber languages)	ber	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	DZ
ShingazidjaComorian (Shingazidja)	zdj	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	KM
julakanDyula	dyu	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BF CI ML
SosoxuiSusu	sus	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GN SL
ManinkakanManinka	emk	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GN ML
kalaallisutGreenlandic	kl	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GL
PapiamentuPapiamento	pap	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CW AW
avañeʼẽGuaraní	gn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PY BO AR
aymar aruAymara	ay	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	BO PE CL
CymraegWelsh	cy	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GB
GàidhligScottish Gaelic	gd	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GB
euskaraBasque	eu	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ES FR
galegoGalician	gl	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ES
brezhonegBreton	br	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FR
occitanOccitan	oc	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	FR ES IT
FryskWest Frisian	fy	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NL
davvisámegiellaNorthern Sami	se	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NO SE FI
romani čhibRomani	rom	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	RO BG HU SK RS MK CZ ES …
ייִדישYiddish	yi	Hebr	rtl	none	unreviewed	IL US SE
татарTatar	tt	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	RU
башҡорт телеBashkir	ba	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	RU
нохчийнChechen	ce	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	RU
саха тылаSakha (Yakut)	sah	Cyrl	ltr	none	unreviewed	RU
TaqbaylitKabyle	kab	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	DZ
QafarafAfar	aa	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	DJ ET ER
EʋegbeEwe	ee	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GH TG
GĩkũyũKikuyu	ki	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	KE
DholuoDholuo	luo	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	KE TZ
LugandaLuganda	lg	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	UG
KikongoKongo	kg	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CD CG AO
TshilubaLuba-Lulua	lua	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CD
KrioKrio	kri	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SL
ThuɔŋjäŋDinka	din	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SS
KanuriKanuri	kr	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	NG NE TD CM
IchibembaBemba	bem	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	ZM
kreol morisienMauritian Creole	mfe	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MU
kabuverdianuKabuverdianu	kea	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CV
བོད་སྐད་Tibetan	bo	Tibt	ltr	none	unreviewed	CN IN NP
VahcuenghZhuang	za	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CN
HmoobHmong	hmn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	LA VN CN TH US
アイヌ・イタㇰAinu	ain	Kana	ltr	none	unreviewed	JP
संस्कृत भाषाSanskrit	sa	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN NP
कोंकणीKonkani	kok	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
डोगरीDogri	doi	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
बड़ोBodo	brx	Deva	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
মৈতৈলোন্Manipuri (Meitei)	mni	Beng	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN
کٲشُرKashmiri	ks	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	IN PK
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤSantali	sat	Olck	ltr	none	unreviewed	IN BD NP
بلوچیBalochi	bal	Arab	rtl	none	unreviewed	PK IR AF OM
nāhuatlahtōlliNahuatl	nah	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MX
maayaʼ tʼàanYucatec Maya	yua	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	MX BZ
KʼicheʼKʼicheʼ	quc	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	GT
MapudungunMapudungun	arn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	CL AR
Diné bizaadNavajo	nv	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	US
ᏣᎳᎩCherokee	chr	Cher	ltr	none	unreviewed	US
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦInuktitut	iu	Cans	ltr	none	unreviewed	CA
ʻŌlelo HawaiʻiHawaiian	haw	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	US
SranantongoSranan Tongo	srn	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SR
PatwaJamaican Creole	jam	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	JM
reo TahitiTahitian	ty	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	PF
PijinPijin	pis	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	SB
WarlpiriWarlpiri	wbp	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AU
PitjantjatjaraPitjantjatjara	pjt	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AU
KriolKriol	rop	Latn	ltr	none	unreviewed	AU

Methodology

There is no single authoritative public list of the '100 most widely spoken languages': published rankings differ in how they count second-language (L2) speakers, how they split or merge macrolanguages and varieties (e.g. Arabic, Chinese, Persian, Serbo-Croatian, Hindi and related languages), and in the census data they rely on. The entries tagged 'top-100-seed' were compiled from widely published total-speaker (L1+L2) rankings, such as the summaries Ethnologue publishes, and are a seed list only. TODO: this seed list has NOT yet been reconciled against a single cited, dated dataset; until it is, the tag means 'appears in commonly published top-100 rankings', not 'verified rank'. No speaker counts are recorded here. Further entries were added so that (a) every UN member state has at least one entry for a language it designates as official or uses as its national/administrative language ('national-official'; 'un-official' marks the six official languages of the United Nations), (b) Modern Standard Arabic and major spoken Arabic varieties are represented ('variety', with variantOf pointing to the standard), and (c) a selection of regional and Indigenous languages from every inhabited continent is included ('regional-indigenous'). Inclusion in this registry says nothing about translation availability: see translationStatus and reviewStatus. Tags follow BCP 47 as used by Unicode CLDR; see docs/i18n/language-registry.md.

Numerals and direction

Numbers are formatted with each locale’s conventions, and mathematics stays left-to-right inside right-to-left text.

English

Indo-European · Germanic · Latn · LTR

1,234,567.89

Español

Indo-European · Romance · Latn · LTR

1.234.567,89

العربية

Afro-Asiatic · Semitic · Arab · RTL

1,234,567.89

١٬٢٣٤٬٥٦٧٫٨٩

हिन्दी

Indo-European · Indo-Aryan · Deva · LTR

12,34,567.89

१२,३४,५६७.८९

简体中文

Sino-Tibetan · Sinitic · Hans · LTR

1,234,567.89

Kiswahili

Niger-Congo · Bantu · Latn · LTR

1,234,567.89

Countries and territories

Every UN member state has a target language in the registry. Where a country has no legally designated official language, we record that fact rather than inventing one.

193 UN member states · 2 observer states · 21 other territories · 62 entries flagged for review

Africa · 56

Algeria DZ	Northern Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard), Tamazight (Berber languages)
Angola AO	Middle Africa	Portuguese
Benin BJ	Western Africa	French
Botswana BWneeds review	Southern Africa	no de jure official language — English, Setswana
Burkina Faso BFneeds review	Western Africa	Mossi, Dyula, Fula
Burundi BI	Eastern Africa	Kirundi, French, English
Cabo Verde CV	Western Africa	Portuguese
Cameroon CM	Middle Africa	French, English
Central African Republic CFneeds review	Middle Africa	Sango, French
Chad TDneeds review	Middle Africa	French, Arabic (Modern Standard)
Comoros KMneeds review	Eastern Africa	Comorian (Shingazidja), French, Arabic (Modern Standard)
Congo CG	Middle Africa	French
Côte d'Ivoire CI	Western Africa	French
Democratic Republic of the Congo CD	Middle Africa	French
Djibouti DJ	Eastern Africa	French, Arabic (Modern Standard)
Egypt EG	Northern Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Equatorial Guinea GQ	Middle Africa	Spanish, French, Portuguese
Eritrea ER	Eastern Africa	no de jure official language — Tigrinya, Arabic (Modern Standard), English
Eswatini SZ	Southern Africa	Swati, English
Ethiopia ETneeds review	Eastern Africa	no de jure official language — Amharic, Oromo
Gabon GAneeds review	Middle Africa	French
Gambia GMneeds review	Western Africa	English
Ghana GHneeds review	Western Africa	English
Guinea GNneeds review	Western Africa	French, Fula, Susu, Maninka
Guinea-Bissau GWneeds review	Western Africa	Portuguese
Kenya KE	Eastern Africa	Swahili, English
Lesotho LS	Southern Africa	Sesotho, English
Liberia LRneeds review	Western Africa	English
Libya LY	Northern Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Madagascar MG	Eastern Africa	Malagasy, French
Malawi MWneeds review	Eastern Africa	no de jure official language — English, Chichewa (Nyanja)
Mali ML	Western Africa	Bambara, Fula, Hassaniya Arabic
Mauritania MR	Western Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Mauritius MUneeds review	Eastern Africa	no de jure official language — English, French
Mayotte YT	Eastern Africa	French
Morocco MA	Northern Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard), Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Mozambique MZ	Eastern Africa	Portuguese
Namibia NA	Southern Africa	English
Niger NEneeds review	Western Africa	no de jure official language — French, Hausa
Nigeria NGneeds review	Western Africa	English
Réunion RE	Eastern Africa	French
Rwanda RW	Eastern Africa	Kinyarwanda, English, French, Swahili
Sao Tome and Principe STneeds review	Middle Africa	Portuguese
Senegal SN	Western Africa	French
Seychelles SC	Eastern Africa	Seychellois Creole, English, French
Sierra Leone SLneeds review	Western Africa	English
Somalia SOneeds review	Eastern Africa	Somali
South Africa ZA	Southern Africa	Afrikaans, English, Southern Ndebele, Northern Sotho (Sepedi), Sesotho, Swati, Tsonga, Setswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu, South African Sign Language
South Sudan SS	Eastern Africa	English
Sudan SDneeds review	Northern Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard), English
Togo TGneeds review	Western Africa	French
Tunisia TN	Northern Africa	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Uganda UG	Eastern Africa	English, Swahili
United Republic of Tanzania TZneeds review	Eastern Africa	no de jure official language — Swahili, English
Zambia ZM	Eastern Africa	English
Zimbabwe ZW	Eastern Africa	English, Shona, Northern Ndebele, Chichewa (Nyanja), Sesotho, Setswana, Venda, Xhosa, Tsonga

Americas · 42

Antigua and Barbuda AGneeds review	Caribbean	English
Argentina ARneeds review	South America	no de jure official language — Spanish
Aruba AW	Caribbean	Papiamento, Dutch
Bahamas BSneeds review	Caribbean	English
Barbados BBneeds review	Caribbean	English
Belize BZneeds review	Central America	English
Bermuda BMneeds review	Northern America	English
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) BO	South America	Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní
Brazil BR	South America	Portuguese
Canada CA	Northern America	English, French
Chile CLneeds review	South America	no de jure official language — Spanish
Colombia CO	South America	Spanish
Costa Rica CR	Central America	Spanish
Cuba CU	Caribbean	Spanish
Curaçao CW	Caribbean	Papiamento, Dutch, English
Dominica DMneeds review	Caribbean	English
Dominican Republic DO	Caribbean	Spanish
Ecuador EC	South America	Spanish, Quechua
El Salvador SV	Central America	Spanish
French Guiana GF	South America	French
Greenland GL	Northern America	Greenlandic
Grenada GDneeds review	Caribbean	English
Guatemala GT	Central America	Spanish
Guyana GYneeds review	South America	English
Haiti HT	Caribbean	Haitian Creole, French
Honduras HN	Central America	Spanish
Jamaica JMneeds review	Caribbean	English
Martinique MQ	Caribbean	French
Mexico MX	Central America	no de jure official language — Spanish
Nicaragua NI	Central America	Spanish
Panama PA	Central America	Spanish
Paraguay PY	South America	Spanish, Guaraní
Peru PE	South America	Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
Puerto Rico PR	Caribbean	Spanish, English
Saint Kitts and Nevis KNneeds review	Caribbean	English
Saint Lucia LCneeds review	Caribbean	English
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VCneeds review	Caribbean	English
Suriname SRneeds review	South America	Dutch
Trinidad and Tobago TTneeds review	Caribbean	English
United States of America USneeds review	Northern America	English
Uruguay UYneeds review	South America	no de jure official language — Spanish
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) VE	South America	Spanish

Asia · 51

Afghanistan AFneeds review	Southern Asia	Pashto, Dari
Armenia AM	Western Asia	Armenian
Azerbaijan AZ	Western Asia	Azerbaijani
Bahrain BH	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Bangladesh BD	Southern Asia	Bengali
Bhutan BT	Southern Asia	Dzongkha
Brunei Darussalam BN	South-eastern Asia	Malay
Cambodia KH	South-eastern Asia	Khmer
China CN	Eastern Asia	Chinese (Simplified)
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region HK	Eastern Asia	Chinese (Traditional), English
China, Macao Special Administrative Region MO	Eastern Asia	Chinese (Traditional), Portuguese
Cyprus CY	Western Asia	Greek, Turkish
Democratic People's Republic of Korea KPneeds review	Eastern Asia	Korean
Georgia GE	Western Asia	Georgian
India IN	Southern Asia	Hindi, English
Indonesia ID	South-eastern Asia	Indonesian
Iran (Islamic Republic of) IR	Southern Asia	Persian
Iraq IQ	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard), Central Kurdish (Sorani)
Israel IL	Western Asia	Hebrew
Japan JP	Eastern Asia	no de jure official language — Japanese
Jordan JO	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Kazakhstan KZ	Central Asia	Kazakh, Russian
Kuwait KW	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Kyrgyzstan KG	Central Asia	Kyrgyz, Russian
Lao People's Democratic Republic LA	South-eastern Asia	Lao
Lebanon LB	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Malaysia MY	South-eastern Asia	Malay
Maldives MV	Southern Asia	Dhivehi
Mongolia MN	Eastern Asia	Mongolian
Myanmar MM	South-eastern Asia	Burmese
Nepal NP	Southern Asia	Nepali
Oman OM	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Pakistan PK	Southern Asia	Urdu, English
Philippines PH	South-eastern Asia	Filipino, English
Qatar QA	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Republic of Korea KR	Eastern Asia	Korean
Saudi Arabia SA	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Singapore SG	South-eastern Asia	English, Malay, Chinese (Simplified), Tamil
Sri Lanka LK	Southern Asia	Sinhala, Tamil
State of Palestine PS	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Syrian Arab Republic SYneeds review	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Taiwan TW	Eastern Asia	no de jure official language — Chinese (Traditional)
Tajikistan TJ	Central Asia	Tajik
Thailand THneeds review	South-eastern Asia	Thai
Timor-Leste TL	South-eastern Asia	Tetum, Portuguese
Türkiye TR	Western Asia	Turkish
Turkmenistan TM	Central Asia	Turkmen
United Arab Emirates AE	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)
Uzbekistan UZ	Central Asia	Uzbek
Viet Nam VN	South-eastern Asia	Vietnamese
Yemen YE	Western Asia	Arabic (Modern Standard)

Europe · 47

Åland Islands AX	Northern Europe	Swedish
Albania AL	Southern Europe	Albanian
Andorra AD	Southern Europe	Catalan
Austria AT	Western Europe	German
Belarus BY	Eastern Europe	Belarusian, Russian
Belgium BE	Western Europe	Dutch, French, German
Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	Southern Europe	no de jure official language — Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (Cyrillic)
Bulgaria BG	Eastern Europe	Bulgarian
Croatia HR	Southern Europe	Croatian
Czechia CZ	Eastern Europe	Czech
Denmark DKneeds review	Northern Europe	no de jure official language — Danish
Estonia EE	Northern Europe	Estonian
Faroe Islands FO	Northern Europe	Faroese, Danish
Finland FI	Northern Europe	Finnish, Swedish
France FR	Western Europe	French
Germany DE	Western Europe	German
Greece GRneeds review	Southern Europe	Greek
Holy See VAneeds review	Southern Europe	Latin, Italian
Hungary HU	Eastern Europe	Hungarian
Iceland IS	Northern Europe	Icelandic
Ireland IE	Northern Europe	Irish, English
Isle of Man IMneeds review	Northern Europe	no de jure official language — English
Italy IT	Southern Europe	Italian
Latvia LV	Northern Europe	Latvian
Liechtenstein LI	Western Europe	German
Lithuania LT	Northern Europe	Lithuanian
Luxembourg LU	Western Europe	Luxembourgish, French, German
Malta MT	Southern Europe	Maltese, English
Monaco MC	Western Europe	French
Montenegro ME	Southern Europe	Montenegrin
Netherlands (Kingdom of the) NL	Western Europe	Dutch
North Macedonia MK	Southern Europe	Macedonian, Albanian
Norway NO	Northern Europe	Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk
Poland PL	Eastern Europe	Polish
Portugal PT	Southern Europe	Portuguese
Republic of Moldova MD	Eastern Europe	Romanian
Romania RO	Eastern Europe	Romanian
Russian Federation RU	Eastern Europe	Russian
San Marino SMneeds review	Southern Europe	Italian
Serbia RS	Southern Europe	Serbian (Cyrillic)
Slovakia SK	Eastern Europe	Slovak
Slovenia SI	Southern Europe	Slovenian
Spain ES	Southern Europe	Spanish
Sweden SE	Northern Europe	Swedish
Switzerland CH	Western Europe	German, French, Italian, Romansh
Ukraine UA	Eastern Europe	Ukrainian
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland GB	Northern Europe	no de jure official language — English

Oceania · 20

American Samoa ASneeds review	Polynesia	English, Samoan
Australia AU	Australia and New Zealand	no de jure official language — English
Cook Islands CK	Polynesia	English, Cook Islands Māori
Fiji FJneeds review	Melanesia	English, Fijian, Fiji Hindi
French Polynesia PF	Polynesia	French
Guam GUneeds review	Micronesia	English, Chamorro
Kiribati KIneeds review	Micronesia	English, Gilbertese
Marshall Islands MHneeds review	Micronesia	Marshallese, English
Micronesia (Federated States of) FMneeds review	Micronesia	English
Nauru NRneeds review	Micronesia	Nauruan, English
New Caledonia NC	Melanesia	French
New Zealand NZ	Australia and New Zealand	Māori, New Zealand Sign Language
Niue NUneeds review	Polynesia	Niuean, English
Palau PW	Micronesia	Palauan, English
Papua New Guinea PGneeds review	Melanesia	no de jure official language — English, Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu
Samoa WSneeds review	Polynesia	Samoan, English
Solomon Islands SBneeds review	Melanesia	English
Tonga TOneeds review	Polynesia	Tongan, English
Tuvalu TVneeds review	Polynesia	Tuvaluan, English
Vanuatu VU	Melanesia	Bislama, English, French